openshift11 minutes read (About 1623 words)

Red Hat OpenShift RBAC 最小權限實踐

繼上一篇準備好了基礎的 OpenShift 4 超級管理員 ocproot 設定後，接下來就是比較針對 Project/Namespace 來進行比較細微的 RBAC 設定，盡可能讓 User 或 Group 適用於最小權限原則

走馬看花之旅: 第六天

常見 OpenShift Project 權限指派

OpenShift 基本上會有 Users/Groups/Projects 可以進行管理，以下參考 OpenShift 4之设置用户/组对项目的访问权限 的文章來實作

針對專案 project-cicd、project-uat 之 RBAC 權限分配如圖示

  • Users
    • Administrators
      • admin1/admin1
      • admin2/admin2
    • Developers
      • developer1/developer1
      • developer2/developer2
    • Testers
      • tester1/tester1
      • tester2/tester2
  • Groups
    • admin-group: 對於 project-cicd 及 project-uat，具備最高權限
    • developer-group: 對於 project-cicd 專案具備設定權限，對 project-uat 僅有查看權限
    • tester-group: 對於 project-uat 專案具備設定權限，對 project-cicd 僅有查看權限
  • Projects
    • project-cicd: 開發用環境
    • project-uat: UAT 環境

  1. 如果沒存的話，撈出既有環境 htpasswd 檔案

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    $ oc get secret local-htpasswd-secret  -ojsonpath={.data.htpasswd} -n openshift-config | base64 -d | tee localuser-htpasswd

  2. 新增 6 個好漢進 localuser-htpasswd

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    # 管理人員 admin1、admin2 皆具備 project-cicd、project-uat 最高權限
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd admin1 admin1
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd admin2 admin2

    # 開發人員 developer1 設定單一專案 project-cicd 權限 且 檢視單一專案 project-uat 權限
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd developer1 developer1

    # 開發人員 developer2 設定單一專案 project-cicd 權限 且 檢視單一專案 project-uat 權限
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd developer2 developer2

    # 測試人員 tester1 設定單一專案 project-uat 權限 且 檢視單一專案 project-cicd 權限
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd tester1 tester1

    # 測試人員 tester2 設定單一專案 project-uat 權限 且 檢視單一專案 project-cicd 權限
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd tester2 tester2

  3. 檢查 localuser-htpasswd

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    # Show all user mapping
    $ cat localuser-htpasswd
    ocproot:$2y$05$pMTSySH/qa.gTcom9q/Pd.WHoI8VMIpCHWgc9d7cnQuIbRuuPeMia
    developer1:$apr1$f7fpvHKb$X.MnMay0USf0.SOg/4hm6.
    developer2:$apr1$FtL.4QEj$lQgfnYB42klWq5.BYnUxx0
    tester1:$apr1$AuGDNNK/$U9Y0ytnT3qrakKat6jYkD1
    tester2:$apr1$z1H./q7P$cvi62jxjmDOyMHQ/Gsx6R0
    admin1:$apr1$tUyAimmD$uXc2my4xMGitt/hekx6SH/
    admin2:$apr1$rbFALSqT$6emskSJsH8LD0ptM5eXlK1

  4. 更新既有的 local-htpasswd-secret

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    $ oc create secret generic local-htpasswd-secret --from-file htpasswd=/root/user/localuser-htpasswd --dry-run -o yaml -n openshift-config | oc replace -f -
    secret/local-htpasswd-secret replaced

管理資源及賦予權限

OpenShfit 預設權限控制能做到 3 種層級，分別是：

  1. 指定 Roles 給 user 或 groups
    • role-to-user
    • role-to-group
  2. 指定 Cluster Roles 給 users 或 groups
    • cluster-role-to-user
    • cluster-role-to-group
  3. 指定 SCC (Security Context Constraints) 來管理 Pods 和 Containers 給 users 或 groups
    • scc-to-user
    • scc-to-group

如果想要查詢有什麼 Role 可以使用的話，可以用 oc get clusterrole.rbac 撈，相當多記得要 filter 一下

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# Create Projects
$ oc new-project project-cicd
$ oc new-project project-uat

# Create groups
$ oc adm groups new admin-group
$ oc adm groups new developer-group
$ oc adm groups new tester-group

# Assgin Users and Groups
$ oc adm groups add-users admin-group admin1 admin2
group.user.openshift.io/admin-group added: ["admin1" "admin2"]

$ oc adm groups add-users developer-group developer1 developer2
group.user.openshift.io/developer-group added: ["developer1" "developer2"]

$ oc adm groups add-users tester-group tester1 tester2
group.user.openshift.io/tester-group added: ["tester1" "tester2"]

# Assgin Role to Group within Project
# For admin-group
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group admin admin-group -n project-cicd
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group admin admin-group -n project-uat

# For developer-group
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group edit developer-group -n project-cicd
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group view developer-group -n project-uat

# For tester-group
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group edit tester-group -n project-cicd
$ oc adm policy add-role-to-group view tester-group -n project-uat

Appendix

了解 RBAC 角色權限

依照 OpenShift 預設 RBAC 角色定義，我們新增以下帳號進去觀測，並且做個基本歸納

  • cluster-admin-user/cluster-admin
  • cluster-status-user/cluster-status
  • admin-user/admin
  • basic-user/basic-user
  • self-provisioner-user/self-provisioner
  • edit-user/edit
  • view-user/view

  1. 新增帳號

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    # cluster-admin，類同於 Linux root 在 OpenShift 中的超級管理員角色
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd cluster-admin-user cluster-admin

    # cluster-status，可以獲取基本的 Cluster 資訊
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd cluster-status-user cluster-status

    # admin，專案管理者，可以查看修改專案中任何資訊
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd admin-user admin

    # basic-user，可以檢視專案中任何資訊
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd basic-user basic-user

    # self-provisioner，可以自己開專案
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd self-provisioner-user self-provisioner

    # edit，可以修改資源，但不能看且修改 Role 綁定
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd edit-user edit

    # view，只能檢視資源，但不能進行任何修改
    $ htpasswd -b localuser-htpasswd view-user view

  2. 更新既有的 local-htpasswd-secret

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    $ oc create secret generic local-htpasswd-secret --from-file htpasswd=/root/user/localuser-htpasswd --dry-run -o yaml -n openshift-config | oc replace -f -
    secret/local-htpasswd-secret replaced

  3. 各個顯示 User 狀態

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    # https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.3/authentication/using-rbac.html#default-roles_using-rbac

    # Cluster Level
    # 常用於集群管理員，類同於 Linux root 的存在
    $ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-admin cluster-admin-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/cluster-admin

    $ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-status cluster-status-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac cluster-status

    # Project Level
    # 常用於指定 Project 具備 administrator 權限
    $ oc adm policy add-role-to-user admin admin-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac admin

    # 常用於指定 Project 具備 edit 權限，例如開發人員
    $ oc adm policy add-role-to-user edit edit-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac edit

    # 常用於指定 Project 具備 view 權限，例如非開發，但具專案相關性之人員
    $ oc adm policy add-role-to-user view view-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac view

    # Misc
    # 遊客帳號
    $ oc adm policy add-role-to-user basic-user basic-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac basic-user

    $ oc adm policy add-role-to-user self-provisioner self-provisioner-user
    $ oc describe clusterrole.rbac self-provisioner

後話

依據 Introduction To Ethical Hacking 中的安全 (Security), 功能 (Functionality) 和方便 (Usability) 大三角

這個大三角是代表，若你是要系統，比較安全及具備完整功能，那就不可能會很方便使用，反之，如果要安全又要方便使用，那功能就不會多。而 OpenShift 看起來是比較偏向安全和功能這邊，所以不熟悉基本操作的話，會覺得有點玄，你有沒有覺得這個跟當年學 Linux 作業系統非常像呢？

References

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